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< Vol. 14 Issue 2 | Apr-Jun 2016 | pp. e129 - e222

Synthesis variants of quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles and their antibacterial efficacy in dental materials

Abstract

Background

Resin-based dental materials allow bacterial growth on their surface and lack antibacterial activity, leading to functional and esthetic failure. Quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QPEI) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated in resin-based composite at 2% wt/wt have demonstrated prolonged and complete inhibition of bacterial growth. This study focused on optimization of QPEI NP synthesis to reduce the concentration required for bacterial growth inhibition. The objective here was to enhance antimicrobial efficacy by excess base neutralization, using phosphoric or hydrochloric acid, and by using surfactants.

 Methods

QPEI NP variants were prepared (i) under controlled neutralization of acid, using NaHCO3, (ii) under controlled carbonate ion neutralization with HCl or H3PO4 and (iii) by treatment with N-lauroylsarcosine or glycerol monostearate. NPs incorporated in the dental materials were examined for their antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis.

 Results

Controlled addition of NaHCO3 resulted in modified QPEI NPs with an increased ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Surface treatment with N-lauroylsarcosine resulted in enhanced antibacterial activity at 0.5% wt/wt concentration in acrylate and epoxy resin-based dental materials.

 Conclusions

The antimicrobial efficacy of QPEI NP may be improved significantly by controlling the addition of NaHCO3, neutralization of excess base and the surface-agent effect.

J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2016; 14(2): e205 - e211

Article Type: ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

DOI:10.5301/jabfm.5000269

Authors

Nathan Zaltsman, Dana Kesler-Shvero, Ervin I. Weiss, Nurit Beyth

Article History

  • • Accepted on 14/12/2015
  • • Available online on 30/03/2016
  • • Published online on 18/05/2016

Disclosures

Financial support: None.
Conflict of interest: E.I.W. and N.B. hold patents regarding preparation and use of quaternary ammonium nanoparticles (QPEIs) that are mentioned in this work. N.Z. and D.K.-S. declare no conflicts of interest.

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Authors

Affiliations

  • Department of Prosthodontics, Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem - Israel

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